السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته, أحسن الله إليكم Any suggestions for evidences/books for me to look at so I can understand why working in a government job in a non-Muslim country is permissible, as long as the work itself is halal? جزاكم الله خيرا وبارك الله فيكم

You will find it in Fatawa al-Lajnah al-Daimah, volume 14. The Permanent Committee said there is no harm in working in a non-Muslim state if the work is not disobedience to Allah and does not aid it, and they cited that ʿAli raḍiyallāhu ʿanhu hired himself out to a Jew, drawing water for a date per bucket (reported by Ibn Majah and al-Bayhaqi).