أحسن الله اليكم When a student passes the final exam of a program (e.g. Haiyyah), the certificate they receive is that the Ijaazah (which qualifies to teach) or is it like an acknowledgement of completion? Jazakum Allahu Khairan dear Ustadh

Ijazah does not qualify you to teach, it is an addition and attestation that u have finished a certain thing. Also ijazah is only when you finish the whole level, and an ijazah connects you with a chain of narration that go back all the way to the salaf or Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم. You ilm and what your sheikhs say is what qualifies u to teach.